displacement distance graph for longitudinal waves

Derivations and more physical insights for these equivalent circuits are in Oliner ( Oliner, 1969 Oliner et al., 1972a, 1972b).Ĭonventional longitudinal-wave-based ultrasound imaging is being combined with other imaging modalities and modes in new ways.

This problem, as well as the circuits for many others, are found in Oliner et al. In the more general case of all three types of waves coupling from one solid to another (not shown), a complicated interplay among all the modes exists. In all three cases, the shear horizontal wave does not couple to other modes. In Figure 3.11D is the circuit for the pressure-release (air) boundary, and in Figure 3.11E is the clamped boundary condition, both for waves traveling upward in the solid. In these cases, transformers represent the mode conversion processes. Note that in Figure 3.11F, a wave from a fluid is, in general, related to three types of waves in the solid. In this figure, the notation is slightly different and corresponds to the following: “ p” designates a longitudinal wave, “ s” a shear vertical wave, and “ sh” a shear horizontal wave. Wavevectors in the xz plane for fluid–solid interface problem.Ĭircuits applicable to three types of loading for solids (shown in Figure 3.11) anticipate the discussion of this section. In fact, whether a particle moves perpendicularly or parallel to the wave's direction is what defines whether a wave is transverse or longitudinal.Figure 3.12. If the wave were a longitudinal wave (a compression wave like sound waves and waves down a slinky when you give it a push along the length of the spring) then the individual particles would move parallel with the wave direction (the individual particles still stay close to their original position, only the wave travels). As your hand passes underneath it, the particle begins moving back down (this is where the particle in your diagram is). You'll notice as your hand approaches it, the particle itself doesn't move in the same direction as your hand, it moves up. You can consider the direction you slide your hand to be the wave's direction. Place a small object on the sheet and then slide your hand underneath it. You can simulate the effect with a bedsheet that's tucked in on both sides. They are moving in a direction transverse to the direction of the wave!

What you see as a 'wave' is really just the procession of particles moving up and down in sequence as if they were on little springs. They move up and down (transverse to the wave direction). The individual particles in a transverse wave do not move to the left and right (parallel to the direction of the wave). The overall wave shown is traveling to the right.

Displacement distance graph for longitudinal waves